For wood design, Chapters 5, 6, and 7 use ASD. Chapter 4 uses the LRFD method for concrete design and the ASD method for masonry design. Some material specifications use the allowable stress design (ASD) approach while others use load and resistance factor design (LRFD). Complete design of a home typically requires the evaluation of several different types of materials as in Chapters 4 through 7.
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Since building codes tend to vary in their treatment of design loads the designer should, as a matter of due diligence, identify variances from both local accepted practice and the applicable building code relative to design loads as presented in this guide, even though the variances may be considered technically sound. As with any design function, the designer must ultimately understand and approve the loads for a given project as well as the overall design methodology, including all its inherent strengths and weaknesses. Methods for determining design loads are complete yet tailored to typical residential conditions. The guide’s Residential Structural Design GuideĬhapter 3 – Design Loads for Residential Buildings The guide provides supplemental design assistance to address aspects of residential construction where current practice is either silent or in need of improvement. Therefore, this part of the guide focuses on those aspects of ASCE 7 and other technical resources that are particularly relevant to the determination of design loads for residential structures. In general, the structural design of housing has not been treated as a unique engineering discipline or subjected to a special effort to develop better, more efficient design practices. For this reason, the reader is encouraged to become familiar with the provisions, commentary, and technical references contained in the ASCE 7 standard. The ASCE 7 standard represents an acceptable practice for building loads in the United States and is recognized in virtually all U.S. In general, the design loads recommended in this guide are based on applicable provisions of the ASCE 7 standard–Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE, 1999). While the buildings considered in this guide are primarily single-family detached and attached dwellings, the principles and concepts related to building loads also apply to other similar types of construction, such as low-rise apartment buildings. Thus, to optimize the value (i.e., performance versus economy) of the finished product, it is essential to apply design loads realistically. Ultimately, the type and magnitude of design loads affect critical decisions such as material selection, construction details, and architectural configuration. The anticipated loads are influenced by a building’s intended use (occupancy and function), configuration (size and shape), and location (climate and site conditions). 3.1 General Loads are a primary consideration in any building design because they define the nature and magnitude of hazards or external forces that a building must resist to provide reasonable performance (i.e., safety and serviceability) throughout the structure’s useful life.
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